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Phytochemistry of Cannabis Sativa Part 2 – Flavonoids
Scientific Research
Phytochemistry of Cannabis Sativa Part 2
Flavonoids – non-cannabinoid secondary metabolites
Non-phytocannabinoid constituents of Cannabis sativa represent a rapidly expanding area of research with significant potential. Future investigations should focus on how the metabolism of flavonoids and other compounds responds to biotic and abiotic stresses. Such studies may identify key regulatory elements like transcription factors and microRNAs to enhance biosynthesis and accumulation of these valuable compounds.
These compounds are generally divided into: Flavonoids (polyphenolic compounds), Other non-cannabinoid phenols, Terpenes, Alkaloids, Esters.
Flavonoids
Flavonoids are a large and diverse group of plant secondary metabolites that belong to the polyphenol class. They include flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins. These compounds play roles in antioxidant activity, pigmentation, UV protection, and symbiotic interactions.
Cannflavins A, B & C
Unique prenylated or geranylated flavones in Cannabis sativa. Cannflavins A and B have anti-inflammatory activity up to 30 times stronger than aspirin in certain models.
Apigenin
A common flavone with potent antioxidant and anti-anxiety properties, often found in the flowers and leaves.
Quercetin
Flavonol with strong antioxidant properties, contributing to photoprotection and the modulation of various plant defense mechanisms.
🧪 Biological Roles
Flavonoids in Cannabis sativa contribute to antioxidant defense, UV protection, pest deterrence, and coloration. Emerging research highlights their potential in therapeutic applications including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects.
Environmental & Genetic Influence
Flavonoid biosynthesis is highly influenced by environmental conditions such as light exposure, temperature, and nutrient availability, as well as by genetic factors inherent to specific cannabis strains.
💡 Light Exposure
UV-B and visible light can significantly upregulate flavonoid synthesis, contributing to the plant's natural photoprotection mechanisms.
🌡️ Temperature & Humidity
Stress conditions can modulate flavonoid content, affecting antioxidant capacity and coloration of flowers and leaves.
🪴 Genetics & Strain Variation
Different cannabis cultivars show substantial variability in flavonoid composition and concentration.
🌿 Continue with another article: Terpenes (Part 3)
Explore the aromatic compounds of cannabis, their biosynthesis, ecological functions, and their impact on flavor, aroma, and therapeutic potential.
Read Part 3🌿 Read More About Trichomes
Learn about the types of trichomes and their role in cannabinoid and terpene production.
Read Article